Linking words: because, so, but, although
Joining your ideas: because (reason), so (result), but / although / however (contrast).
Linking words make your Writing easier to follow, and the examiner gives you marks for using them. They also come up in Reading Part 6.
Reasons and results
Why something happens, and what happens next.
Contrast
Two ideas that are different or surprising together.
How it comes up in Part 6
In Reading Part 6 you write one word in each gap. The missing words are often small grammar words like these.
A reason: because + clause.
A result: so.
A surprising contrast at the start: Although.
Common mistakes
- ✗ Because of it was late, we took a taxi.✓ Because it was late, we took a taxi.'Because of' + noun; 'because' + clause.
- ✗ Although it was expensive, but I bought it.✓ Although it was expensive, I bought it.Don't use 'although' and 'but' together.
- ✗ The film was long, however I enjoyed it.✓ The film was long. However, I enjoyed it.'However' starts a new sentence, with a comma.
In your Writing, try to use at least one reason word, one result word and one contrast word. It's an easy way to show the examiner a range of language.
Quick check
Write one word in each gap.
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