Linking words
Formal linkers like nevertheless, albeit, owing to and provided that.
At C1, linking words become more formal and more precise. Albeit, notwithstanding and in view of belong to written English, and several linkers with similar meanings follow different grammar. In Part 1, check what follows the gap: a clause, a noun, an adjective or a new sentence?
Contrast and concession
Cause and result
Condition and other meanings
How it comes up in Part 1
In Part 1 you choose the word (A, B, C or D) that best fits each gap. The four options often have similar meanings, so knowing which words go together is what gets you the mark.
A albeit B although C despite D even
Albeit + an adjective or phrase without a verb. "Although" would need "they were".
A let B leave C not D much
Let alone means "and certainly not".
A on B in C by D for
On account of means because of.
Common mistakes
- ✗ Albeit it was late, we continued.✓ Although it was late, we continued.Albeit cannot be followed by a subject and verb.
- ✗ Regardless the cost, we'll do it.✓ Regardless of the cost, we'll do it.Regardless of.
- ✗ In the event a fire, call 999.✓ In the event of a fire, call 999.In the event of + noun.
- ✗ I don't speak French, let alone I speak German.✓ I don't speak French, let alone German.Let alone is followed by a word or phrase, not a new clause.
Formal linkers are a quick way to raise the level of your essays and reports – but check the grammar each time. A linker used with the wrong structure is one of the most common reasons C1 students lose marks for 'language'.
Quick check
Choose the word that best fits each gap.
🇪🇸 Guía en español: Phrasal verbs para el C1 Advanced: lista con ejemplos →